The Meaning of Human Being

Moral Values Essays

Moral Values Essays Moral Values Essay Moral Values Essay The cloth of any society is held together by the criterions of morality that we maintain and pattern. Valuess are our personal set of beliefs about what is of import. unimportant. right. incorrect. good and bad. When we are confronted by picks. options. or moral quandary. the determinations we make will bespeak what values we hold. Human values give worthiness and regard to life. The foundation of human values are based on  · Dignity of human life  · Respect and consideration for the other  · The importance of unity and service  · An attitude of non-violence  · The person and corporate pursuit for peace and felicity. In other words. values are a sort of a map in our heads of how things are or should be. Valuess are merely our perceptual experience of the rules of nature that govern our lives or the existence. and non these rules themselves. Peoples think that there should be a specific set of rules protecting and regulating all human existences. However. others believe that values can be accepted in one civilization and rejected in another civilization. This thought is based on the belief that moral rules differ across civilizations. Our moral values are our beliefs about what is of import in life. Some values refer to how one should move ( be honest. selfless. self-restraining ) while other values refer to what one wants to carry through or obtain in life ( a batch of money. celebrity. a household. friendly relationships. universe peace ) . Because a individual can non have it all or be all things. precedences must be set and picks made. Puting your precedences frequently leads to value struggles. We may desire to be successful in your calling. but we may besides desire a more restful life style and more clip to pass with friends and household. Here. the value of success may come into struggle with the value of household. Some illustrations of moral values are: unity. regard. lovingness. justness. civic virtuousness. and openness. Anyhow I am disquieted about the fact that our society is in moral diminution. Morality is a really wide and complicated subject due to the fact that it is based chiefly on single sentiments. Moral values invariably change with the coevalss. However. most people would hold that today’s moral values are more tolerant of behavior that. a coevals ago. would hold been considered obscene and immoral. For illustration. sex on telecasting is accepted by today’s public as normal. but until the 1980s 1 could barely state the word sex on telecasting without being condemned. Yes. our society is presently in a rapid diminution of moral values. Judging by current statistics. all that one time was immoral is now considered moral. It seems as though people have lost their scruples and are now controlled by their milieus. The bulk of young person all over the universe know really small about Moral Valuess. Very frequently the behavior of kids in society proves that moral values are barely even a topic of importance. Today. the force and offenses frequently occur when a troubled adolescent or a delicate kid can non manage the force per unit area and emphasis of world. The influential factor of force spreads so easy ; a kid finds this influence merely by turning the telecasting set on. In fact. any intelligence channel unluckily shows the actions of adolescents perpetrating the violent act of slaying without any compunction. All of this animus and pandemonium within kids begin with non cognizing the difference between the right and the incorrect. But something should be done. The positive influence of faith. instruction. and equals greatly consequence a child’s mode and behavior. Traditional values and of import lessons from these beginnings surely help a kid to understand the differentiation between right and incorrect picks in life. An of import value for kids to be cognizant of is the benefit of faith. The church teaches kids to accept the being of a being higher than adult male and gives a kid the possibility to larn the moral values the manner the Bible nowadayss them. By understanding the duty of pick devising. immature people learn to believe about the effects or wake of their determination. Religion serves as a foundation for cognizing the difference between the right and the incorrect. The engagement of faith better prepares kids for certain troubles in life. The value of instruction is an of import tool that induces the growing of immature people to a more sophisticated degree. Education builds cognition and unity into the heads of kids. School besides guides kids off from problem ; with essays and math jobs. a kid has no clip for problem. Parents must stress the importance of instruction to their kids. Education strengthens the capablenesss of the young person. A kid becomes a better person when he experiences the goodness of church. instruction. and friendly relationship ; that is the relevance of values and lessons. In order for the state to minimise offense. the kids of this coevals must reassess their picks and duties in life. They besides need the aid of parents and instructors for counsel through the tough world of today’s determination devising. The purpose should be to bring forth morally feasible. responsible persons and non bookmans. Sadly today the virtuousnesss like honestness. unity and regard are considered old fashioned. There has been gradual eroding in these values. The turning offense rate among the kids in the developed states is a good case of deficiency of moral values. Whenever and wherever penchant is given to materialism over moral values. it leads to entire pandemonium. No 1 can be at peace. be it an person. a community. a state. or the whole universe. Moral instruction is non something that can be imposed on person from outside ; instead it is a manner of life. Fast altering society has its particular job – old societal constructions travel off and replaced by new 1s. Hence the old moral values get into the clang with the new 1s. and this is non a clang of different societal groups. this is a clash inside one individual. Market based society. which by its nature interruptions boundaries between persons. making more chances. creates moral jobs. As a consequence – there are two sets of beliing moral values in the person’s head and there is no balance. These are the illustrations – altering relationship between sexes. between employer and employee taking to the internal struggle of moral values. It is affair of great concern and sorrow that today upbringing means supplying good nutrient. apparels and luxuries of life merely. Moral values are no longer an built-in portion of a child’s rise uping up. Some old ages back. expansive parents provided moral instruction to expansive kids in the signifier of bedtime narratives. But with the coming of atomic households. moral instruction has become the duty of the educational establishments. But it should be the duty of the parents to convey out the best and divine in their kid. There is no more powerful animal for a kid than parents. The system of larning and version to the life and society in peculiar is based on hungry soaking up by childs of behavioral forms and thoughts from parents. Parents portion subconsciously and freely with their childs all they know up to the point. when childs get jobs. Actually it is really difficult to restrict voluntarily parental control. even harder to happen the right balance. At least subconsciously. grownups perceive their childs as a continuance of themselves. This perceptual experience produces protective and commanding behavior. which childs need to last and larn. However there is an of import kid’s need which grownups do non comprehend – the demand to larn how to do determinations and the demand to do them. I mean existent determinations. which carry serious effects. determinations which grownups make all the clip. which no grownup can avoid. and which grownups do non desire to avoid. because they are t he kernel of the life. Drugs and offense endanger the survival potency of young person and parents every bit good as pedagogues. They endanger children’s hereafter and endanger the really fabric of society. Drugs necessarily lead to ruined lives. Harmful actions and condemnable behavior bring sadness. and non merely for the victim but the culprit as good. In today’s universe. learning youth the difference between right and incorrect is non merely a good thought. it is a critical action that straight relates to the survival potency and felicity of kids and society. As an pedagogue and one who genuinely cares about the wellbeing and hereafter of our kids parents truly have an chance to assist immature people maneuver off and remain off from lives of drugs and offense. A small contemplation will demo that most of great work forces were great because they were more humane than the remainder of us. With entire pandemonium and dwindling moral values. and a huffy haste for stuff amenitiess. it has become clear that it is merely moral instruction that can convey consolation to the otherwise anguished psyche.

Identifying and Managing Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identifying and Managing Risk - Research Paper Example The market risk is associated with the uncertainties in the areas of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, fluctuation of interest rates, fluctuation of stock prices and commodity prices. The market risk is managed by the use of interest rate swaps, options and future. The use of derivatives in financial market is important to hedge market risks. The risk management techniques are used to reduce the credit risk of the organization which occurs as a result of default of the counterparties. The credit ratings are used to assess the credit risk of organizations. The credit risk is reduced by limiting the exposure to the parties considered to be risky for repayment (Deventer,  Imai and  Mesler, 2013). The other credit risk management tools used are by the use of collaterals, periodic marking to the market, captive derivative subsidiaries and netting. Netting is a risk management technique through which the amount of cash owed by one party to another is reduced by the amount by the latt er to the former. There are various methods of netting which includes bilateral netting, multilateral netting, payment netting, cross product netting and close-out netting. Several types of derivatives like over the counter derivatives and credit derivatives are used to mitigate the exposure to credit risks. The types of credit derivatives include Total return swaps, Credit Swaps and Credit Options. Several authors have explained different financial risk management techniques that are widely used in the industries. Analysis: Comparison of financial risk management techniques A comparison of the financial risk management techniques explained by Kallman  to that of Cohen and Palmer is given below. Kallman explained that we should a clear idea of the nature of risks that need to be mitigated. According to Kallman, the risk exposures could be categorized into strategic risks, operational risks and economic risks. The strategic risks are the uncertainties that rise in the long term. Th ese may be quality risk, brand risk, etc. The operational risks are the uncertainties that occur within a single operating period as a result of the operations of the company. The economic risks are the areas of uncertainty created as a result of volatility in political and financial conditions (Kallman, 2007). These risk exposures are mainly due to the changes in macro and micro economic conditions. The economic risks take the form of interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, etc. The risk exposures may be pure which results in a loss of values or speculative which may either result in a gain or loss. The popular risk management tools proposed by the author are risk surveys and checklist. The survey and checklist are important tools to build a risk register in the organization. Flowcharts of organizational process are useful in identifying the risks involved. After identification of risk, the risks are managed by risk management techniques that include statistical analysis, financ ial statement analysis and also personal inspection. The risk management techniques explained by Kallman could be compared to the risk management techniques explained by Cohen and Palmer. According to Cohen and Palmer, the

Discuss whether supermarket are benefical to the society they operate Essay

Discuss whether supermarket are benefical to the society they operate within in the united kingdom - Essay Example The three-quarters of food shopping are made through just four firms. Supermarkets’ claims on fulfilling their corporate social responsibility can not be measured in the absence of relevant benchmarks. There is greater need to bring the civil society organisations to the table with supermarkets to hold a discussion on social, environmental and ethical issues but supermarkets are not coming forward in good numbers to follow an approach where transparency and stakeholder interests are protected with the participation of civil society organisations. A number of reasons can be attributed to the supermarkets’ withdrawal from such initiatives the like of Race to the Top (RTTT) project whose objective was to set benchmarks taking into confidence the civil society organisations (RTTT Final Report). Government intention to develop major performance indicators for the food sector created fear in the supermarket lobby of a new governance structure by selecting a successful RTTT. Supermarkets had not been forthcoming in providing data, which was crucial for partnering with society stakeholders. External data is costly because of expensive labour and methodological issues although crucial in showing change in comparison to supermarkets’ data showing company policies only (RTTT Final Report). There was lack of staff time and technical know-how. The timing of pressurising the supermarket companies to bring transparency in data on environmental and social effects mismatched because of their disinterest in providing the information due to cost cutting measures to remain in competition with leading market giants (RTTT Final Report) Another problem is the heterogeneous nature of the UK supermarket in terms of scale, ownership and customer base. Companies are wary of running such business initiatives that map the customer rather than the companies on sustainability of high animal-welfare food items (RTTT Final Report). The high

Theoretical Perspective Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theoretical Perspective - Dissertation Example Christensen, a Harvard Business School professor. He perceived technologies as falling into two categories, namely sustaining and disruptive. Sustaining technology was viewed as small additional improvements to technology that already exists. Disruptive technology is generally lacking in refinement but given time to develop, they in time replace the technology that is currently prevailing. The implications for business are significant if their products fall within the scope of the existing technology, since the disruptive technology is not immediately manifest and there is a risk that they may be rendered obsolete and lose their competitiveness (Kuzma & Priest, 2010). Technology Acceptance Model The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a theory that tries to describe the internal process undertaken by users in deciding to accept and use a new technology. Developed by Fred Davis in 1989, the TAM is currently gaining popularity among researchers particularly in the field of information systems (IS) development. Presently, not many lay people are aware of nanotechnology, and those who are regard it as too unfamiliar and are therefore suspicious of it. The diagram following shows how TAM perceives the technology acceptance process. In this model, ‘perceived usefulness’ is the extent to which a potential user believes that a particular technology would be advantageous to him or her, while ‘perceived ease of use’ is the extent to which a potential user believes that use of a particular system would be effortless or easy (Davis, 1989). Technology Acceptance Model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Technology_Acceptance_Model.png Sociopolitical modernization and postmodernization Modernization and postmodernization refer to the process of social change. The concept of modernization views economic, social and political development to be linked in a coherent manner, and that all societies that undergo modernization tend to follow a consistent pat h. Researchers note that almost all societies that reach an advances state of development experience a shift from ‘modern’ goals of economic and physical security, to post-modern values that emphasize quality of life and self-expression. The development of nanotechnology, because of the enhancement of human lifestyle of which it is capable, will be viewed in terms of post-modernization (Ghazinoory & Ghazinouri, 2009). Diffusion of Innovation The diffusion of innovation theory is the model by which innovation is thought to be communicated through channels over time among the members of a social system. In this model, an innovation may be an idea, practice, or object which the social system views as new, and diffusion is the particular type of communication through which the message associated with the innovation is passed through the system. Diffusion of innovation is comprised of four elements, namely the innovation, communication channels, time, and the social system. The Diffusion of Innovation model is shown below (Rogers, 1997): Biomedical Ethics One of the most contentious theories that nanotechnology may expect to be entangled in is that of biomedical ethics or bioethics. The reason is that much of nanotechnology applications are in the sphere of medicine, where one of the more exciting prospects is the use of nanotechnology for the cure of cancer. Biomedical ethics concerns itself with the

Functional Multi-enzyme Complexes In Vitro

Functional Multi-enzyme Complexes In Vitro Molecular self-assembly offers a method of sophisticated materials constructed with precision. Designing self-assembling enzyme structures is of particular interest for the unique functional capabilities of enzymes, as shown in Figure 2. Chemically induced assembly has been shown to be a powerful tool for the investigation of cellular events and for its easy operation and low cost compared to bioconjuction. Chemical inducers can be cofactors, inhibitors, metal ions, which are based on specific interaction of molecule and enzyme. Chemical inducers bring the two enzymes together to form multi-enzyme. A number of reviews have covered the self-assembly of proteins and enzymes by chemicals. King N.P. et al discussed the principles employed in recent efforts to design complex and geometrically specific protein assemblies, with a focus on practical approaches. However, precise manipulation of protein self-assembly behavior in vitro is still a great challenge. Here we review recent studies i n the chemical induced self-assembly of multi-enzyme system from the perspective of multi-enzyme complex organization, enzyme interactions, and regulation of assembly. Inhibitor induced multi-enzyme assembly Inhibitor induced dimerization has been reported as the controlled dimerization of proteins via dimerizers. During the process of dimerization, the dimerizers assemble proteins into homospecific or heterospecific multivalent nanostructures. An enzyme inhibitor binds with enzymes specifically and decreases their activity. Drug discovery typically focus on the identification and design of inhibitors to perturb enzyme function, which greatly depend on the chemical structure. Carlson and co-workers reported self-assembly of wild-type Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into protein nanorings using dimeric methotrexate molecules, which tethered together by a flexible peptide linker. The enzymes are capable of spontaneously forming highly stable cyclic structures with diameters ranging from 8 to 20 nm. The nanoring size is dependent on the length and composition of the peptide linker, on the affinity and conformational state of the dimerizer, and on induced protein-protein interactions. Chou reported the preparation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-histidine triad nucleotide nanorings by chemically induced self-assembly. DHFR molecules with fused peptide chain of variable length were spontaneously self-assemble into protein macrocycles after treatment with a dimeric enzyme inhibitor, Bis-MTX-C9. The ring size, ranging in size from 10 to 70 nm, was dependent on the length and composition of the peptide linking the fusion proteins. The enzymatic efficiencies for the monomer and intramolecular macrocycle were found to be nearly identical, while the larger dimeric nanoring was found to have a modestly lower kcat/Km value. The nanorings catalytic efficiency was dependent on ring size, which indicated that the arrangement of supermolecular assemblies of enzymes may be used to control their catalytic parameters. However, the activator used for multi-enzyme assembly has not been reported before, which can greatly improve enzyme activity and may have greatly potential in mu lti-enzyme biosynthesis. Cofactor induced multi-enzyme assembly Cofactor-dependent enzymes, such as oxidoreductases and transferases, intramolecularly assembly of enzyme subunits by cofactor binding have been widely reported. Cofactor as a small molecular for enzyme catalysis. Cofactors can also be used for inducing multi-enzyme assembly. Bis-NAD+ has been reported for affinity precipitation of dehydrogenases in 1980s. Mansson et al used bis-NAD+ analogue to locate lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase face to face and then cross-linked of the two enzymes with glutaraldehyde on agarose beads. The study of site-to-site directed immobilization effect improve the NADH production from 19% to 50%, which indicated that the NADH was preferentially channeled to lactate dehydrogenase due to the positioned active sites of the two enzymes. Similar work reported by Siegbahn as the bi-enzyme complex was formed by crosslinking lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase with glutaraldehyde, which indicated an enhancement of 1.36 fold of the NADH regeneration when lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase were site-to-site oriented. Cofactor induced assembly can form the site-to-site oriented structure, has the advantage easy operation and maintains the enzymes’ activity maintain. However, the interaction of NAD+ with enzyme is relatively low. Cofactor analogues have been reported for enzyme catalysis, which have the advance of low cost and high stability. The improvement of cofactor analogues for multi-enzyme assembly is promising. Metal ions induced multi-enzyme assembly Metal ions guide proteins into forming large assemblies, which provide a wide platform to modulate the metal coordination environment through distant, noncovalent interactions, exactly as natural metalloproteins and enzymes do. Metal ions in metalloenzymes located in the pocket whose shape fits the substrate, which are usually coordinated by nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur centers belonging to amino acid residues. Since approximately half of all proteins contain a metal ion, metal ions induced enzyme assembly is a promising method. Metal ions induced protein assembly is recently hot topic. There are two main types of metal ions induced protein assembly, namely, metal ions chelating sites on the artificial His-tags of enzymes and chelating sites on the surface of enzymes. His-tagging is the most widespread strategy to purify recombinant proteins. With the addition of 4-10 poly-histidine tag to the N terminus or C terminus of a target protein, the tagged protein purification was achieved by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Multi-enzyme complex were formed with the Ni2+ and bis-His coordination of GDH-NOX fused enzymes, which enhanced enzyme activity and stability for the biosynthesis of DHA from glycerol with cofactor regeneration.. Chelating sites on the surface of enzymes The metal ions coordinated with the chelating sites on the surface of proteins was reported. Chelating sites should be on the surfaces to coordinate with metal ions, and the interfaces where chelating sites are located should be complementary to form stable self-assemblies. Yushi Bai, et al [Bai, Y.S. et al. Highly ordered protein nanorings designed by accurate control of glutathione S-transferase self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 135, 10966-10969 (2013). ]reported a variant of glutathione S-transferase (sjGST-2His) which has two properly oriented His metal-chelating sites on the surface self-assembled in a fixed bending manner to form protein nanorings. The accurate orientation of proteins and self-assembly was based on metal-ion-chelating interactions and nonspecific protein–protein interactions. This work provides a de novo design strategy for the construction of novel protein superstructures. The self-assembly of glutathione S-transferase into nanowires was also reported[Zhang, W. et al. Self-assembly of glutathione S-transferase into nanowires. Nanoscale 4, 5847-5851 (2012).]. Designed metal coordination interactions to arrange enzyme into highly ordered supramolecular architectures has been reported recently[Salgado, E.N., Radford, R.J. Tezcan, F.A. Metal-Directed Protein Self-Assembly. Accounts Chem Res 43, 661-672 (2010).].Enzymes represent particularly attractive building blocks due to their chemical and structural versatility, for new and improved supramolecular properties. Metal-directed enzyme self-assembly yields stable architectures and high catalysis efficiency. These emergent physical and functional properties are attained with minimal modification of the original building blocks Brodin reported the self-assembly of a designed variant of cytochrome cb(562) by zinc ion coordination to uniform 1D nanotubes or 2D arrays with very high chemical stabilities. Their metal-mediated frameworks was used as the templated growth of small Pt-0 nanocrystals. [Brodin, J.D., Carr, J.R., Sontz, P.A. Tezcan, F.A. Exceptionally stable, redox-active supramolecular protein assemblies with emergent properties. P Natl Acad Sci USA 111, 2897-2902 (2014).] Bogdan et al reported [Bogdan, N.D. et al. Metal Ion Mediated Self-Assembly Directed Formation of Protein Arrays. Biomacromolecules 12, 3400-3405 (2011).] the self-assembled inorganic–protein arrays by FeII complexation of protein-conjugated terpyridine units (ligand) to form well-defined and controllable size and structure. Residue-specific conjugation between the complexing unit (terpy) containing an activity-based probe and a corresponding active enzyme (papain) performed on this unique building block (ligand) leads to chemical species of unprecedented constitution. Metal ion induced assembly are controllable by environmental factors that affect the coordination or reactivity of the metal ion: the presence of the metal itself, external chelators, pH, and the solution redox state. Thus, metal ions can augment or provide all three essential properties of proteins as nature’s favorite build-ing blocks: structure, chemical reactivity, and stimuli- responsiveness. Metal ions are frequently found in natural protein-protein interfaces, where they stabilize quaternary or supramolecular protein structures, mediate transient protein-protein interactions, and serve as catalytic centers. Paralleling these natural roles, coordination chemistry of metal ions is being increasingly utilized in creative ways toward engineering and controlling the assembly of functional supramolecular peptide and protein architectures. Here we provide a brief overview of this emerging branch of metalloprotein/peptide engineering and highlight a few select examples from the recent literature that best capture the diversity and future potential of approaches that are being developed. Conclusions and Outlook Constructing functional multi-enzyme complexes in vitro by mimicking the natural enzyme complex has great biotechnological potentials in metabolic engineering, multi-enzyme-mediated biocatalysis, and cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation. This review summarizes chemically assembling of multi-enzymes based on the affinity included by small molecular, namely, cofactor, substrate, inhibitor, and metal ions, et al. Distinctions were made based on the assembling driving force, structure of multi-enzyme complexes and mechanism of catalytic efficiency enhancement. Furthermore, the current challenges of multi-enzyme assembly in vitro induced by chemicals was addressed and gave an outlook on future developments. In this review, a classification of multi-enzyme assembly methods is proposed. Special emphasis is placed on the description of constructing functional multi-enzyme complexes by small molecular induced self-assembly. Assembling of multi-enzymes based on the affinity induced by small molecular, namely, cofactor, inhibitor, and metal ions were discussed. Furthermore, the advantage and disadvantage of each method from the reaction and process considerations are described. A variety of approaches for multi-enzymatic synthesis in vivo using biological systems or in vitro with isolated biocatalysts have been successfully used for the synthesis of complex molecules, especially the chiral chemicals which frequently are not readily accessible by chemical synthesis. In the long term, multi-enzyme processes will replace many chemically catalyzed processes. Biocatalysis today is growing not only in the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals but also in the production of bulk chemicals. The relevant multi-enzyme catalysis processes have a significant potential for industrial application. Several challenges remain for multi-enzyme processes despite the strong drivers for greener and ever more effective chemical process technology.Multi-enzyme assembly into exquisite, complex, yet highly ordered architectures is challenging due to the complexity of enzyme structures and interactions. Consequently, the prediction of multi-enzyme complex configurations, the structure controlled assembly and the dynamic kinetic simulation of assembly process are also challenging. Current efforts aim at the prediction of multi-enzyme complex configurations as well as at nanoscale reconstruction, and control of cascade reaction. The design of multi-enzymatic systems based on the structure controlling and function prediction. In Nature’s hierarchy such design and engineering studies can provide useful information. New approaches that allow the controlled assembly of multiple enzymes at a nanometer scale with precisely structure and function will increase reaction rates and the efficie ncy of longer synthetic enzymatic cascades. Another frontier in multi-enzyme synthesis is the design of multi-step processes, involving mathematical modeling, process technology, and protein engineering. By viewing multi-enzyme assembly process in terms of structure and function relationship, it is possible to unify a diverse range of investigations, highlights their interrelationships, and see routes.

My Best Friend is Dead Essay -- Friendship Essay Personal Narrative

My Best Friend is Dead I first met Chipper Gleason when I was 5 or 6, when my mother was working with Chipper's mother Sue teaching music lessons in town. The He- Man connection must have been what initially tipped our parents off that we would be good friends. I remember my mom asking me if I wanted to play with this kid who had Castle Greyskull, a large green molded castle that He- Man lived inside of with the other Masters of the Universe. The answer was, of course, "Yes!" and we met one afternoon while both my mom and Sue taught lessons at the Church. We played that first afternoon on the sloping hill in front of the church, on the opposite side of Main Street from the library. Chipper was a small, wirey boy with bright blue eyes and light brown hair cut in a kind of bowl. Later we figured out that even though we were the same height, Chipper's skinny legs were longer than mine, and that my birthday was before his (so I was older). There was not much to play with in the common in front of the church. There were a few swings and things, but mostly we played along the rail fences that bordered the common, climbing up on them and using them as platforms for our action figures. We both had a great time that day, and before long we met every time that our moms were teaching. One day my dad asked me if I wanted to invite Chipper over to play. A book I made in school in the fall of first grade laid it all out: "I like to read at school. I don't like butterscotch. I like Chipper, my best friend." Looking back on our relationship, my parents often wondered what exactly it was that we spent so much time talking about. Chipper was pretty shy around most adults except his mother, so they only really caught glimpses of us ... ... toys as I wanted, which I kept carefully organized and out of the hands of my five year old brother, the terror. She even gave me the games for the Commodore 64 (which technically now belonged to Dara), to play on my own computer that I got for my tenth birthday that November. That spring, as I sat playing Kung Fu on the computer in my parent's room, I had a revelation. I raced outside to our big, wandering back yard and started talking. I had to tell Chipper somethingÉ he had to know! I was sure that he could hear me. "Chipper," I said, half under my breath because I was afraid the neighbors would see me talking to myself and think that I was crazy, "I figured it out! I figured out how to beat the forth- floor boss in Kung Fu! All you have to do is squat and punch... it's so easy! It's so easy." Somehow, of all the things to say, that was the most important.

Nervous System (Science Report) Essay

-The nervous system is a very complex system in the body. It has many, many parts. The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord and the brain make up the CNS. Its main job is to get the information from the body and send out instructions. The peripheral nervous system is made up of all of the nerves and the wiring. This system sends the messages from the brain to the rest of the body. -The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that lie outside the brain and the spinal cord. These nerves carry impulses like sensations and information from the body to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the body. Thus, the peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the muscles of the body. -The central nervous system (CNS) is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of connective tissue called the meninges. -The function nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory. II. The organs Central Nervous System Brain the brain is one of the most important organs in the human body system. It is the center of all commands. It monitors all the conscious and unconscious processes of the body. The brain coordinates various organs of the body and controls all the voluntary movements in the body. The brain is the organ that helps you remember things, learn, understand, think, create, talk, hear, taste, etc. The brain is divided into three segments, that is, fore brain, mid brain and the hind brain. The fore brain consists of the cerebral hemispheres and olfactory lobes. The mid brain is the region that mostly contains optic lobes, and the hind brain is the region that includes the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The pituitary gland is present in the lower side of the fore brain. It is called the ‘master gland’ as it regulates the function of many other glands in the body. Spinal Cord The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that run down the back from the brain in the spinal column. The spinal cord is about 40 cm in length and as wide as the thumb. The function of the spinal cord is to relay all the impulses, information and sensations from all around the body, internally and externally, to the brain. If the spinal cord gets affected due to an injury, it may sever some or most of the connections between the brain and other parts of the body, leading to paralysis in different parts of the body like the upper and lower limbs. Peripheral Nervous System Nerves The 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off and reach out to different parts of the body and perform different functions. The nerves of the cervical region supply information to the back of the head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands and the diaphragm. The nerves of the thoracic region supply information to the chest and some parts of the abdomen. The lumbar region nerves cover the lower back, parts of the thighs and the legs. The nerves of the sacral region provide information to the buttocks, most of the leg, feet, anal and genital area. Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system contains sensory (afferent) neurons that carry information from organs/muscles to the CNS, and motor (efferent) neurons that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles of the body. Sensory neurons provide the brain all the information regarding the environment. The somatic nervous system plays an important role in transmitting the information and controlling voluntary movement. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System The autonomic system regulates the involuntary body functions like respiration, heartbeat, blood flow and digestion. It is further subdivided into the sympathetic nervous system which regulates your flight-or-fight responses, and the parasympathetic system that helps regulate various normal functions of the body, for example, sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (shedding tears), urination, digestion, and defecation. Functions of the parasympathetic nerves include constriction of eye pupils, increase in secretion of saliva, increased digestion, decrease in heartbeat, etc. The sympathetic nerve functions involve dilation of eye pupils, sweating, production of goose bumps, decrease in digestion, etc. One of the important nerves, the vagus nerve is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sensory system is also a part of the nervous system. Sensory systems for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell) work with the help of the sensory receptors, neural pathways and certain parts in the brain that help process sensory information. When you feel cold or hot, it is the sensory neurons that are doing their work. The motor neurons are reactors, that help the body react to different environment. For example, the immediate pulling away of your hand when you touch a hot stove is a motor neuron reaction. The somatic motor neurons convey orders to the muscles. A subsystem of the peripheral nervous system is the enteric nervous system. Normally, it communicates with the CNS but studies show that it works autonomously too. It regulates the gastrointestinal system in the body. III. Multiple Sclerosis| A chronic disease of the nervous system that can affect young and middle-aged adults. The course of this illness usually involves recurrent relapses followed by remissions, but some patients experience a chronic progressive course.| The myelin sheaths surrounding nerves in the brain and spinal cord are damaged, which affects the function of the nerves involved. Also associated with aging.| Tremor, rigidity and poverty of spontaneous movements. The commonest symptom is tremor, which often affects one hand, spreading first to the leg on the same side then to the other limbs. It is most profound in resting limbs, interfering with such actions as holding a cup. The patient has an expressionless face, an unmodulated voice, an increasing tendency to stoop, and a shuffling walk.| Sciatica| A common condition arising from compression of, or damage to, a nerve or nerve root.| Usually caused by degeneration of an intervertebral disc, which protrudes laterally to compress a lower lumbar or an upper sacral spinal nerve root.The onset may be sudden, brought on by an awkward lifting or twisting movement.| Pain felt down the back and outer side of the thigh, leg, and foot. The back is stiff and painful. There may be numbness and weakness in the leg.| IV. A. The cortex gets its name from the Latin word for â€Å"bark† (of atree).B. There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain.C. The average human brain weighs about 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms).D. Unlike humans, the octopus does not have a blind spot.E. The average length of the adult spinal cord is 45 cm for men and 43 cmfor women.

The effects of making employee salaries public

The effects of making employee salaries public We’re living in a rapidly evolving world where almost everything is done online and the very notion of privacy seems to be evaporating. Most of us are growing increasingly more comfortable having our lives made public through a variety of social networks. This new open and public approach to sharing information is affecting companies as well. How so? Many companies are embracing the notion of complete public transparency and disclosure in ways they never have before. Everything is potentially on the table for being made public, including employee salaries- something that up until recently has long been held in the strictest of confidence. Let’s dig deeper into this concept of employee pay transparency, and how it’s affecting the status quo.The idea behind making employee salaries public is an arguably noble one- more and more companies are seeking to embrace the philosophy that being open and honest with their employees about all things is an effective way to for ge more progressive, sincere, and honest employee/employer relationships. It can also help address some unfortunate inequities in compensation that women and minority groups sometimes face, an issue that gets inadequate attention, especially when salary information is kept hidden.The Wall Street Journal published an article on the good, the bad, and the downright awkward aspects of companies adopting an open salary policy. According to the article, â€Å"The idea of open pay is to get pay and performance problems out on the table for discussion, eliminate salary inequalities, and spark better performance†¦ But open pay also is sparking some awkward conversations between co-workers comparing their paychecks, and puncturing egos among those whose salaries don’t sync with their self-image.†The truth is, as employees we can make a direct correlation between our pay and how our employers perceive and value our contributions, so having this information helps take the gu esswork out of knowing where we stand- both as individuals and in comparison with our colleagues.So, despite its good intentions, when salaries are revealed employers can count on seeing a potentially disruptive effect- while those employees who are at the top of the pay scale will likely be grateful and appreciative (unless they feel that they’re still not being paid enough compared to their coworkers), those at the bottom of the salary food chain can count on being unhappy and confronting their bosses to help remedy the situation. Then, if balance regarding compensation is not reached, it will likely lead to some employees seeking better opportunities elsewhere. Making salary information public can also lead to potential awkwardness and strife among colleagues who sit at opposite ends of the compensation spectrum, which can adversely affect productivity and motivation.It seems clear that although there are some truly good potential reasons for publicly disclosing salary inf ormation, there are some significant potential pitfalls that employers should be on the lookout for when making the decision to do so. Progressive employers who react quickly and decisively to address issues regarding pay inequity will be in the best position to quell any potential disruptions, while those who are slow or late to respond may create some tension among their staff or lose some valuable talent to competitors who are willing to pay your employees what they feel they deserve.Perhaps the best approach for handling the issue of whether or not to publicly disclose salary information is to plan carefully- and proceed with caution.

Is Marketing For Introverts Unlock Your Potential

Is Marketing For Introverts Unlock Your Potential Always a shy child, my mother approached me during my high school career and informed me that I was to send in an application to the Hugh O’Brien Youth Leadership seminar. â€Å"I don’t want to go to that,† I informed her. â€Å"There will be lots of people I don’t know there.† â€Å"That’s precisely why you should go,† she said. And I did go. My mother knows half of the state of North Dakota, and is completely unafraid to approach them for a chat. I look down at the ground when I walk and hope no one will try to start a conversation. Clearly, we are different creatures. Back then, I was both introverted and shy, though I have (mostly) outgrown shyness through such things asyouth leadership seminars. However, the introversion- the desire to be alone much of the time- remains. And that’s perfectly OK. Introversion kind of took on a life of its own in recent years, partly thanks to the book â€Å"The Power Of Introverts In A World That Can’t Stop Talking† and its associated TED talk  by Susan Cain. Social media feeds were flooded with people proud to lay claim to their introversion, glad to have found a spokesperson so they didn’t have to say it. There’s even a website dedicated to the â€Å"Quiet Revolution†, people who aren’t much for talking who live in a world where noise and constant speech is both common and rewarded. â€Å"Why are all the introverts on social media?† my friend asked, when I pointed out this trend wave. â€Å"Wouldn’t that be the last place to be?† â€Å"That’s a good question.† Is Marketing For Introverts? Insider Advice To Unlock Your Potential Introversion 101 Being introverted is not the same as being shy. When my mom encouraged me to attend youth events, do public speaking in 4-H, and anything to get me used to communicating with people, she was trying to help me get over being shy. Shyness can be a crippling problem, but introversion is not. Introverts aren’t weird, awkward, social nerds, too serious, shy- those are all negatives. Introverts simply need and are energized by being alone. Introversion is, in the most pared down definition, getting more energy by not being around people. Introverts get more energy by not being around people. Here's how it works for #marketing.Introverts have a limited energy account when it comes to being around people, and when it’s used up, they are exhausted on all levels. They need to go away and be by themselves and recharge. According to Psychology Today, if you... Like being by yourself. Think and create better by yourself and not in groups. Lead best when your followers are self-starters. Are reluctant to volunteer or get involved in groups and be in the spotlight. (People looking at you, talking to and about you? Just no.) Are constantly being asked what your opinion is. (Because you seldom volunteer it, unlike extroverts who specialize in sharing their opinion.) Wear headphones or create barriers between you and others when out in public. (If you’re like me, you carry a book around to read because you like to read, and it also keeps people from talking to you most of the time.) Avoid angry or upset people. (Confrontation? Just no.) Get way more calls and emails than you receive. (Unless your job forces you to participate). Don’t initiate small talk and don’t want to chat casually when encountering other people. ...you are an introvert. More or less. There are always exceptions to how people shake out, but it’s a good general list of introverted qualities. Not everyone is an extrovert or an introvert; some of you are ambiverts. You have a bit of both going on. Take The Test: Are you an introvert or an extrovert? Take the online test to find out. The Requirements Of Content Marketing For Introverts What does the world of content marketing require, particularly from the vantage point of an introvert? 1. There will be marketing. I can never sell my own stuff. â€Å"That’s a nice painting, Julie. Is it for sale? I’d like to buy it.† And then I somehow manage to apologize for the painting existing and apologize for it being for sale. If the silence is sufficiently awkward, I may apologize for apologizing. Marketing is not second nature to me. I want Magic Sales, whose unicorn customers buy silently and with neither pursuit nor question of the seller, crossing my palm with silver and going on their way without trying to extrapolate a pound of conversation from me. #ContentMarketing requires people, talking, selling. Here's how to handle it as an introvert.Magic Sales are not marketing. Even blue moons whisper of their rarity. Traditional marketing means you have to go out and find people, talk to them to figure out what they want, and then figure out how to sell based on that. Or, if it is inbound marketing, you must start the conversation on your blog or social account, and then be prepared to talk and sell when people come to you. Either way, there’s going to be people, talking, and selling. Hard stuff for introverts. 2. There may be teams. Team and group work is common for content marketing. Teams for writing, for editing, for planning, for idea generation. We talk about teams on this blog all the time. Unfortunately, introverts don’t shine in these kinds of group settings. Being surrounded by people tires them, much less people talking. They don’t fight for their right to be heard, because they are working hard at conserving their energy instead of burning through it, and just being in a room with other people is sapping it. Brainstorming, in particular, can be frustrating because introverts often fall silent as extroverts run roughshod over the room. For this reason, I tend to use individual brainstorming techniques  more in my own work than in groups. But teamwork, unless you are a solo blogger, is inevitable. I usually tried to take a break after a meeting, or get off by myself to recharge so I could process the discussion I just heard. Or, if you know the meeting is about brainstorming ideas, for example, do your own brainstorming ahead of time, write it down, and bring it with you. Introvert marketer? Know your strengths and find time to work by yourself.In other words, you can’t get away from working in teams, but you can make the most of your alone time both by taking advantage of when you’re creatively best and by planning in alone time to recharge. Some people will see you as unfriendly, weird, or â€Å"not a team player† but you are not responsible for that. Lock an extrovert in a room by themselves constantly, and see how well they produce. It’s the same thing. You know your strengths. Find ways to sneak them in, even between group activities. 3. There will be questions. Content marketing is about conversation, and that’s tough for introverts. It’s not that introverts are bumbling and inept conversationalists. On the contrary, introverts often have many good things to say because they spend a lot of time thinking instead of talking all the time. So introversion and being slow or less inclined to talk instantly should never be taken as a sign of a lack of intelligence. I love to have deep conversations with a limited handful of friends during specific settings and times after which I will go home and become quiet. Introverts seem as if they aren’t always â€Å"on† even though the truth is that we’re â€Å"on† but sometimes turn down the volume. Introverts are  'on' but sometimes turn down the volume.But when you are successful with your content marketing, there is a steady flow of conversation coming your way, from readers and fans. And not all of them are forgiving if you take a day or week to respond. This is tough for introverts. We know what we have to do (instant response!) and we know what we can do (delayed response, and not all at once). I don’t always hop in and answer social media and blog comments instantaneously. It’s not that I don’t want to thank people, or answer questions, but I can’t always handle it. I have to set aside time, and then mentally prepare myself to dive in for a short while before I’m worn out. There will always be people who want instant response, and those introverts may not be able to please all the time. However, you can make up for that by always being genuine and real in your responses, using first names of people, answering their questions, encouraging or sincerely complimenting their ideas. I like to think that delayed sincerity is better than instant insincerity. And if an introvert is forced to respond instantly, the depleted energy means insincerity will quite often surface. 4. There is a need for written words. Introverts often (not always, but often) excel at the written word. If you’re like me, you don’t talk much, but instead live a life inside your head, finding that writing is your chosen method of communicating. You can clearly articulate your thoughts much better in the written word than in the spoken word. Writing, after all, is a solitary activity. It doesn’t matter if you’re surrounded by people; when it comes to making it happen, it’s you and the blank page. Good news: Content marketing needs written words. For the introverts who excel at writing, there is a place for them in #contentmarketing.Sometimes I am amazed by the need to help people clarify ideas and show them how to make written blog posts happen. If you’re used to being alone, and you’re familiar with that time being the point when your mind kicks into highest gear, such issues don’t exist. Yes, there are the mechanics of it to deal with (editing, grammar, logic, etc.), but the struggle to come up with the ideas that fuel the words is much less. If you’re an introvert by struggling with writing, go with freeform and stream of consciousness approaches to your writing, simply typing out whatever it is you’re thinking. Because you are thinking. You can clean the randomness out of the copy later. What’s An Introvert To Do? You can’t change the expected norms for content marketing, a realm that seems to be filled with lots of energetic extroverted folks, but you can find a way to exist and not burn out. Extroverts may not appreciate your approach, but if you want to do content marketing for the long haul, you can’t run yourself into the ground. 1. Recharge regularly. You have to recharge. Go offline, get off of social media. Do something. Get away from the conversation and get some quiet time alone to recharge. I’m particularly absent from my clients and professional social media accounts during the weekend. I periodically remove social apps from my phone. I go for walks, and set aside a day to do â€Å"analog† projects like art or reading. That’s how I get through the week. 2. Do the math. If you blog more and post on social media more, you get more conversation back. That’s the goal of content marketing, isn’t it? That’s the formula you hear about, right? That’s what success is? Maybe. Unless you can’t handle it. You’d be better off writing and generating content with a return you can handle than not. Don’t publish two blog posts a day if you can’t handle the conversational upkeep. Don’t post 15 times a day on social media if you can’t handle the engagement. 3. Write when you’re alone. Writing when you’re being interrupted by team members or other people will be reflected in your final copy. Write when you’re alone. Try to arrange the option to have a room for yourself (if you’re in an open office) or some hours to work from home. You have a legitimate reason: You do your best work alone. Don’t they want your best work? Introvert?  Work alone. You have a good reason: It's when you do your best work.4. Inject time into conversation. Introverts aren’t slow-witted, but some of us prefer to slow communication down to allow for thought. Those who thrive on fast-talking, instant communication are not going to like you for doing it, but that is not the concern. Do what you can do. Responding quickly in an energy deficit is a dangerous policy, and can lead to rash or formulaic responses. One of the reasons I like paper snail mail is that it forces time into the conversation equation. Writing, mailing, waiting, opening, responding- these all take time. Weeks, often. I can write long letters, and don’t even mind letters from people I don’t know, because I can communicate in writing and use the large time gaps to recoup energy for the next round. Email, text messages, social messages, phone calls- these demand immediate response. If you don’t respond right away, all kinds of social interpretations and anxiety  seems to happen. â€Å"Are you angry with me?† â€Å"Are you ignoring me?!† â€Å"You can’t stick your head in the sand.† â€Å"You’re being unprofessional.† â€Å"This is a high speed world. I need you to respond.† â€Å"Why aren’t you interested in what I have to say?† â€Å"Please return my call ASAP. This is important.† (Important to whom?) How fun it is to get an email or message, and then another in an hour, and then the next day...soon the whole thing has escalated and I don’t even know how to respond at this point when the only reason I didn’t respond initially wasn’t to be a jerk, but because I was recouping my energy and thinking of what I would say. If you meet an aggressive person demanding response, perhaps you might consider a couple I use: â€Å"I am thinking about this and will get back to you later.† â€Å"Thanks for the email. I am not interested at this time.† â€Å"I won’t commit to anything on the phone. I need to think about it. What is your email address?† In this way, I acknowledge the communication, but I don’t have to respond until I’m able. I don’t answer emails for work on the weekend. I don’t answer an email before thinking about the answer for at least a day or so, particularly if it is for business or professional reasons and it is a new client I am not familiar with. I don’t pick up the phone if I don’t recognize the number, using voicemail to slow that conversation down. If someone is pushy on the phone, I end the conversation and transfer it to a written medium (often email) where I can think and communicate clearly and slow things down. In other words, I’m injecting time into conversations because it’s what I need. I refuse to be wrangled into someone else’s preferred communication style if they are asking me for a response. My response comes wrapped in its own style, just as their request was wrapped in their style. Blog posts and articles that purport to tell you how to force people to respond  in a timely manner make my skin crawl. I shudder to think of a world where the demand to respond has to be instant or you’ll face an onslaught of follow-up emails, calls, and other sorts of pestering or accusations. Inject time into conversations if you feel your stress level rising and your energy depleting. Make Content Marketing  Work For An Introvert Like You This may sound a bit harsh, particularly if you’re not firmly in the introvert camp. But if you are, you know the weariness that you feel at the end of a day of being around and talking to people. If it is OK for extroverts to constantly recharge, the same should be said of introverts. You introverts have great skills, and in some ways are well-suited to content marketing. By simply protecting your time, energy, and creative core, you will be able to do well for a long time in this industry instead of suffering from burnout. There are more extroverts in the world, but you belong in that world, too. No apologies.

Foundation of Marketing(Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour) Essay

Foundation of Marketing(Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour) - Essay Example The third process is complexity which refers to the level of difficulty attached to the understanding and â€Å"use† of the product (Armstrong and Kotler 2011,p. 184). Divisibility which is the fourth process, arises when the product â€Å"can be tried on a limited basis† (Armstrong and Kotler 2011, p. 184). The final process is communicability which refers to the extent to which the results of using a product can be observed and shared with others (Armstrong and Kotler, 2011). Part II: Comments on Mike’s Letter Mike’s letter explaining why and how he decided on a business degree course highlights some of the stages that consumers go through prior to making a purchase. Mike manifested the relative advantage factor, which is the first characteristic influencing consumer purchase decision-making. Mike’s inquiries and searches demonstrate that he was comparing business degrees for relative superiority. The second characteristic, compatibility was very important to Mike. Mike was looking for a product that accommodated his own time table and his commitments to his family and at the same time left him with some free time.

The Effect Of Light Intensity On Photosynthesis Of Pondweed Plant Coursework

The Effect Of Light Intensity On Photosynthesis Of Pondweed Plant - Coursework Example Limiting factors are the features, which affect the rate of reaction or control the process depending upon their presence or absence. The law of limiting factor states that,† Those reactions which depend on more than one factors to be favorable, then its rate is limited by least favorable value of its limiting factors. For the reaction to be at optimum speed, all... factors need to be at an optimum stage.† Concentration of CO2 is one of the main limiting factors of the process, after light intensity. Usual concentration of CO2 in the environment is 0.03%, and it does not change much. There are places where more CO2 is present and the rate of Photosynthesis is higher in those areas. The more concentration of CO2 in the surrounding faster will be the process. Temperature is another factor, which affects the rate of the process by influencing the efficiency of the enzymes working in the process. Optimum temperature for photosynthesis is between